![]() ![]() Solar flares are just one example of how activity on the surface of the Sun can affect the entire solar system, including Earth. The active regions around sunspots often cause solar flares, which are explosions of radiation that extend hundreds of thousands of miles above the Sun's surface, producing bursts of X-rays, ultraviolet radiation, and radio waves. The darker boundaries of the granulation cells are places where the plasma has cooled and is sinking back into the Sun's interior. Where the hot, rising blobs of plasma reach the surface, we see bright areas. Similar to the patterns you can see at the top of a pot of boiling water, granulation is caused by heat rising to the photosphere from the hotter solar interior. Granulation, appearing similar to bubbles, is due to convection currents in the solar interior.Ĭlose-up views of the photosphere also show patterns of light areas surrounded by darker borders, called granulation. Surrounded by glowing plasma, sunspots are planet-sized dark areas on the surface of the Sun. Observing sunspots drift across the surface helped astronomers discover that the Sun actually rotates on its axis – the polar regions take longer to complete a rotation than the equatorial regions because the Sun isn’t solid. Sunspots are generally surrounded by lighter areas called faculae. Sunspots, indicators of disturbed magnetic fields, are the most common features seen in the photosphere. There is some variation in temperature from place to place within the photosphere – for example, sunspots are relatively “cool” regions with temperatures as low as 3,000 ☌ (5,400 ☏). Surprisingly, the photosphere is also much cooler than the atmosphere above it, which has regions with temperatures as hot as 2 million ☌ (3.5 million ☏). The term photosphere derived from the ancient Greek roots, photos means light and sphaira means sphere which refers to. Instead, energy radiates away through space, some of it reaching Earth. Because the plasma is cooler and less dense at the surface, there are fewer collisions to trap the energy carrying photons within the Sun. Most of the light energy produced in the Sun’s core escapes from the photosphere. Also shown is an enlarged image of a group of sunspots the size of Earth is shown for comparison. The visible photosphere, or sphere of light, is the level of the solar atmosphere from which we get our light and heat, and it is the part that we can see. This photograph shows the photospherethe visible surface of the Sun. ![]() Figure 15.5 Solar Photosphere plus Sunspots. The temperature of the photosphere is around 5,500 ☌ (9,900 ☏), which is much cooler than the Sun's core. The photosphere is the layer where the Sun becomes opaque and marks the boundary past which we cannot see ( Figure 15.5 ). It is only about 500 km (300 miles) wide, a much thinner layer than the interior solar regions. The photosphere is a thinner, cooler layer than its neighboring layers. The somewhat high temperatures (4400 kelvins or more) in the Suns photosphere means that a good portion of the gas (mostly hydrogen and helium, plus some trace elements) is ionized. The Photosphere is Cooler Than the Layers Around It A somewhat diffuse plasma (e.g., the bottom of the photosphere) does an exceptionally good job of absorbing thermal photons. The surface of the Sun is the only part that we can see from Earth on a typical day, without use of specialized equipment. The surface of the Sun is called the photosphere, a term which means “sphere of light.” The glowing ball of light that you see in the sky is the photosphere. The commonly observed yellow color of the Sun’s surface, or photosphere, is due to scattering of shorter, blue wavelengths as light passes through the atmosphere. If a click event is triggered on the viewer additionally to the select-marker event.Sunspots are visible on the surface of the Sun. # gotoMarkerSpeedĭefault animation speed for gotoMarker method. ![]() You may access this data in the various events. # dataĪny custom data you want to attach to the marker. If not provided, the tooltip content will be used. The name that appears in the list of markers. HTML content that will be displayed on the side panel when the marker is clicked. Const baseUrl = '' const viewer = new PhotoSphereViewer.
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